In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• refractive index. For instance, PAAO produced using phosphoric acid electrolyte at 120 V [40] can have 193 nm mean spacing for hexagonal pore arrangement and 14.4% pore volume. In comparison to oxalic or sulfuric alumina films [40] (with significantly smaller pore spacing and absolute volume) the phosphoric

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• . A Platinum EPS C8 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, GraceTM, Columbia, MD, USA) column was used; the mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol and 0.02% phosphoric acid solution (60:40) for a final pH of 2.5. The system was operated isocratically at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate and the detection was performed

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• . This approach allows for the synthesis of structured alloy thin films constituted of dispersed alloy columns. The dealloying of these films was implemented in three different media (i.e., hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and phosphoric acid (H3PO4)) to highlight their impact on the

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• by an unconventional wet route followed by melting [31][37][38]. As raw materials, the ultra-purity grade reagents boron oxide (B2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO,) potassium carbonate (K2CO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), silicon dioxide (SiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and cerium oxide (CeO2) have been used. The

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• ordinary biomass waste as carbon source, namely orange peel, ginkgo leaves, paulownia leaves, and magnolia flowers [58]. Water-soluble CDs using Manilkara zapota fruit as a natural source of carbon were reported where sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid were used to regulate the emission of CDs, producing

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• , anhydrous ethanol, acetone, barium sulfate (BaSO4), rhodamine B, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na), silver nitrate (AgNO3), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), ethylene glycol (EG), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• , 7.4, 9). Acetate buffer (20 mM, pH 4.5), and Britton–Robinson (BR) buffer (40 mM, pH 4) consisting of phosphoric acid, boric acid, and acetic acid were also prepared. Synthesis of graphene oxide Graphene oxide was synthesized from graphite powder using a modified Hummer’s method [30][31]. In detail

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, PVA, PVP, acetonitrile, phosphoric acid, triethylamine, and phosphate buffer tablets were purchased from Merck, Germany. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-29213) was purchased from ATCC, USA. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) molds, including 196 laser-engineered pyramidal holes measuring 200

• isocratic composition of 0.025 M phosphoric acid (pH 3.0 ± 0.1) previously adjusted with triethylamine/acetonitrile (80:20 v/v), eluted at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The injection volume was 20 µL. The drug concentration was then determined according to a calibration curve. The calibration curve was plotted

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

Cu₂O nanoparticles for the degradation of methyl parathion

• Juan Rizo,
• David Díaz,
• Benito Reyes-Trejo and
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1546–1555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.137

• and 85% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) for 31P as internal standards. Typical conditions for the proton spectrum were as follows: pulse width of 45°, acquisition time of 2.5 s, FT size of 32 K and digital resolution of 0.3 Hz per point. Typical conditions for the phosphorus spectra were as follows: pulse

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• of LYS can be improved by phosphoric acid catalysis as was shown by Gyenes and co-workers [22]. However, this method cannot be used in our case because phosphoric acid precipitates CYS immediately. Upon hydrolysis, the ν* values increase only very slightly, while the G values decrease (Figure 5a and

Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid

• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1497–1510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.148

• Holdings Inc., 2-31-11, Nihonbashi Ningyo-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8650, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.10.148 Abstract Herein, we synthesized P- and N-doped carbon materials (PN-doped carbon materials) through controlled phosphoric acid treatment (CPAT) of folic acid (FA) and probed their ability to catalyze the

• oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode of a fuel cell. Precursors obtained by heating FA in the presence of phosphoric acid at temperatures of 400–1000 °C were further annealed at 1000 °C to afford PN-doped carbon materials. The extent of precursor P doping was maximized at 700 °C, and the use of

• acid; oxygen reduction reaction; phosphoric acid treatment; PN-doped carbon catalysts; polymer electrolyte fuel cells; Introduction The widespread application of fuel cells as clean energy sources is the most desirable way of realizing a low-CO2-emission society. In conventional polymer electrolyte

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• horseradish) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) was obtained from Fluka. Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate (ca. 98%), was furnished by Sigma and phosphoric acid (85%) by Carlo Erba. Bi-distilled water (18.2 MΩ·cm) was obtained from a Maxima

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• graphite powder, potassium permanganate, phosphoric acid (85%), sulfuric acid (98%), and hydrogen peroxide (30%). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used for PEGylation. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA, 0.6%), and trichloroacetic acid (TCA, 20%) were used to estimate the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, sodium phosphate

• [3]. Briefly, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was added to sulphuric acid (H2SO4) in a 1:9 ratio. Then, 1.5 g of pure graphite powder was added into the solvent under stirring. After 5 min, 9 g of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was slowly added to the solution. The solution was stirred for 24 h. After this

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• oxidation method in phosphoric acid solution, AAO/Al was firstly prepared, onto which a non-magnetic Ag@AAO composite film was further fabricated by an alternating electrodeposition technique. It was found that under incident light at 0°, the color of the Ag/AAO film changed with the electrodeposition time

• equal distances between sample and each cathode. Pore-enlarging treatment with phosphoric acid After anodization, the sample was put into a phosphoric acid solution (5%) and allowed to stand for 12 min, and then DI water was employed to remove the excess phosphoric acid solution, followed by blow-drying

Light extraction efficiency enhancement of flip-chip blue light-emitting diodes by anodic aluminum oxide

• Yi-Ru Huang,
• Yao-Ching Chiu,
• Kuan-Chieh Huang,
• Shao-Ying Ting,
• Po-Jui Chiang,
• Chih-Ming Lai,
• Chun-Ping Jen,
• Snow H. Tseng and
• Hsiang-Chen Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1602–1612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.152

• platinum sheet was used as the cathode. The electrolysis experiment was conducted under 40 V with an electrolysis time of 45 min. Then, the system was placed in a mixed solution of 6 wt % phosphoric acid and 1.5 wt % chromic acid, and the first pore-widening process (1 h) and the second electrolysis

Preparation and morphology-dependent wettability of porous alumina membranes

• Dmitry L. Shimanovich,
• Alla I. Vorobjova,
• Daria I. Tishkevich,
• Alex V. Trukhanov,
• Maxim V. Zdorovets and
• Artem L. Kozlovskiy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1423–1436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.135

• obtained. Five samples were prepared in total. For samples 1, 2, and 3 the etching of the barrier layer was carried out by immersing the entire membrane in a 4% aqueous solution of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at 35 ± 2 °C for 15, 20 and 35 minutes, respectively. For the as-produced samples of type I and type

CVD transfer-free graphene for sensing applications

• Chiara Schiattarella,
• Sten Vollebregt,
• Tiziana Polichetti,
• Brigida Alfano,
• Ettore Massera,
• Maria Lucia Miglietta,
• Girolamo Di Francia and
• Pasqualina Maria Sarro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1015–1022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.102

• temperature at 1000 °C, the pressure at 25 mbar and using Ar/H2/CH4 as feedstock. At the end of the CVD growth, the Mo has been selectively etched away underneath graphene employing phosphoric acid. Due to anchoring at the sides of the patterned catalyst, the graphene layer sticks directly to the underlaying

Nitrogen-doped twisted graphene grown on copper by atmospheric pressure CVD from a decane precursor

• Ivan V. Komissarov,
• Nikolai G. Kovalchuk,
• Vladimir A. Labunov,
• Ksenia V. Girel,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Algirdas Lazauskas,
• Mindaugas Andrulevičius,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Viktoras Grigaliūnas,
• Šarunas Meškinis,
• Sigitas Tamulevičius and
• Serghej L. Prischepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 145–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.15

• with a 14 mm diameter tubular quartz reactor was employed for the experiment. Polycrystalline copper foil (99.9% purity, proved by the EDX study) with a thickness of 60 μm was used as the catalyst. Prior to the APCVD, the foil was electrochemically polished for 5 min in 1 M phosphoric acid at a bias

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of self-assembled thiol monolayers and supported lipid membranes on thin anodic porous alumina

• Marco Salerno,
• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Barbara Salis and
• Silvia Dante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.8

• anodic porous alumina (tAPA) was fabricated from a 500 nm thick aluminum (Al) layer coated on silicon wafers, through single-step anodization performed in a Teflon electrochemical cell in 0.4 M aqueous phosphoric acid at 110 V. Post-fabrication etching in the same acid allowed obtaining tAPA surfaces

• phosphoric acid electrolyte at a bath temperature of ≈15 °C. Post-fabrication etching in the same electrolyte for 20 min at room temperature (RT) plus 15 min at 35 °C allowed to obtain tAPA with ≈160 nm pore size and ≈80 nm wall thickness. After thoroughly rinsing with de-ionized water, blowing dry with

Evolution of the graphite surface in phosphoric acid: an AFM and Raman study

• Rossella Yivlialin,
• Luigi Brambilla,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Carlo Spartaco Casari,
• Matteo Passoni,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Chiara Castiglioni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1878–1884, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.180

• , Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, I-20133 Milano, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.7.180 Abstract Phosphoric acid is an inorganic acid used for producing graphene

• sheets by delaminating graphite in (electro-)chemical baths. The observed phenomenology during the electrochemical treatment in phosphoric acid solution is partially different from other acidic solutions, such as sulfuric and perchloric acid solutions, where the graphite surface mainly forms blisters. In

• spectroscopy investigation. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM); electrochemical delamination of graphite; graphene; phosphoric acid; Raman spectroscopy; Introduction Sulfuric (H2SO4), perchloric (HClO4) and phosphoric (H3PO4) acid in aqueous solutions

Properties of Ni and Ni–Fe nanowires electrochemically deposited into a porous alumina template

• Alla I. Vorobjova,
• Dmitry L. Shimanovich,
• Kazimir I. Yanushkevich,
• Sergej L. Prischepa and
• Elena A. Outkina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1709–1717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.163

• in aqueous solution of oxalic acid (H2C2O4, 0.3 M) at 15 °C. The first stage of anodization was performed under a constant voltage of 50 ± 5 V for 25 min. After the first anodization, the preformed oxide film was removed by wet chemical etching in a mixture of phosphoric acid (H3PO4, 0.5 M) and

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• used was Ca/P 1.67. Phosphoric acid was added dropwise to the water suspension of calcium hydroxide at a rate of 0.01 mL every 0.5 s (Titrator, SI Analytics, Titronic universal, TZ3260, Germany); hydroxyapatite was formed with the following reaction scheme: The hydroxyapatite precipitate was

• to the stirring of the heated reagents during the microwave reaction, which determines the homogeneity of the obtained products. Precursor stirring during the synthesis in the MSS2 reactor is spontaneous and results from the temperature gradient in the reaction chamber. Stirring, phosphoric acid

• phosphoric acid solution should be moderate (below 100 mL/min), while the reaction temperature should be kept lower than 60 °C. Only then will the reaction ensue at 100% and the SSA of the obtained HAp will be ≈75 m2/g. If the speed of adding the phosphoric acid is very high, the pH value in the reaction

Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly(gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode

• Refat Abdel-Hamid and
• Emad F. Newair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1104–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.103

• day of preparation. Pure nitrogen was used for degassing the test solution prior to and throughout the electrochemical measurements. Phosphoric acid solution was used as a supporting electrolyte. Double-distilled water was used for preparation of all solutions. Freshly prepared standard solutions of

• gallic acid were prepared by dilution of the stock solution with 0.2 M phosphoric acid. Instrumentation Cyclic and square wave voltammetric, chronoamperomeric and chronocoulomeric experiments were performed by using an Autolab PGSTAT128N Potentiostat/Galvanostat (Eco-Chemie, Utrecht, The Netherlands

• voltammograms of 1.0 mM GA in 0.2 M H3PO4 at a scan rate of 50 mV s−1 on bare GCE, PGA/GCE, MWCNT/GCE and PGA/MWCNT/GCE. Relationship of i(t < τ) vs (t−1/2) chronoamperometry of 1.0 mM K3[Fe(CN)6] in 0.2 M KCl on (A) GCE and (B) PGA/MWCNT/GCE. Chronoamperograms of PGA/MWCNT/GCE in 0.2 M phosphoric acid in

Large-scale fabrication of achiral plasmonic metamaterials with giant chiroptical response

• Morten Slyngborg,
• Yao-Chung Tsao and
• Peter Fojan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 914–925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.83

• nm. The substrate with 300 nm interpore distance was prepared by anodization in 0.3 M oxalic acid solution at 140 V and with a solution temperature of 283 ± 0.5 K for 40 min. The substrate with 430 nm interpore distance was prepared by anodization in 1 M phosphoric acid solution at 180 V and with a